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NOTE: The 2009 Science Framework replaced frameworks from previous years and begins a new trend line for science. The arrowheads point to samples for which assessment results were already in the NAEP reporting metric in preparation for the 2019 science assessment. The 2011 to 2009 common item linking for grade 8 was conducted previously and is only shown here for completeness. Common population linking refers to a two-population common population linking.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2019 Science Assessment.